In 1930, President Herbert Hoover appointed Douglas MacArthur
Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. President Franklin D. Roosevelt retained
him in this post until the fall of 1935, when MacArthur returned to the
Philippines as military advisor to the newly established Philippine
Commonwealth. MacArthur’s principal task was to organize and train
a Philippine Army. Although he retired from the U.S. Army at the end
of 1937, General MacArthur remained military advisor to the
Philippine Commonwealth, and was named Field Marshall of its army.

Meanwhile, in April 1937, the General married Tennessee-born Jean
Faircloth. Arthur MacArthur IV the only child of Douglas and Jean
MacArthur, was born in Manila on February 21, 1938.

Due to the spread of the war in Europe and the accelerating Japanese
Expansion in the Far East, the U.S.Army Forces, Far East, were
created. President Roosevelt recalled General MacArthur to active
duty to command these forces. The President also directed that the
Philippine army be called upon to serve with United States forces.
Mobilization, planning, organization, training, re-equipping, and
supplying his command occupied the General until Dec 8, 1941.
Although built up considerably prior to the outbreak of war, especially
in their air strength, the U.S. – Philippine units were no match for the
combined naval-air-ground assault by the Japanese. Having fallen back
on the Bataan peninsula and the fortress islands blocking Manila
Bay, most notably Corregidor Island, the Americans and Filipinos
under General MacArthur brought the Japanese to a standstill.

Since no significant reinforcement could reach Bataan and Corregidor
and the disease ravaged, ammunition-short Filipinos and Americans
could not be expected to hold out much longer, President Roosevelt
ordered General MacArthur to leave the Philippines and to proceed
to Australia. The General, his family, and a nucleus staff left
Corrigidor in a torpedo boat for Mindanao, whence they flew to
Australia. For his dogged, brave defense of the Philippines, General
MacArthur was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, almost
eighty years after his father had won the medal on Missionary Ridge,
Chattanooga.

From April 1942 to October 1944, General MacArthur trained,
organized, planned for, and led his Southwest Pacific Command
through New Guinea, New Britain, the Bismarcks, and Morotai to
an enormously successful landing in Leyte in the central Philippines.
In January 1945, the General landed with his forces at Lingayen Gulf
and marched on Manila and Bataan.

With the surrender of the Japanese on the U.S.S. Missouri on
September 2, 1945, General MacArthur assumed his powers as
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). Unlike historical
occupation commanders, General MacArthur took a benevolent
approach to the Japanese. He personally oversaw the rebuilding and
democratization of Japan. An early, equitable peace treaty with Japan
was a major goal. A new constitution, a radical departure from Japan’s
pre-war constitution, was readied in months. New laws resulted in the
first universal suffrage election in early 1946. The reforms in land
holding have effect even today. Trade and manufacture were fostered.
Education and local government reforms were affected. Freedom of the
press and the right to form and belong to trade unions were established. 

In June 1950, with the North Korean Invasion of the Republic of Korea,
General MacArthur was directed to assist the South Koreans with his
resources, including ground forces. Named Commander-In-Chief,
United Nations Command, in July, MacArthur directed the naval, air,
and ground forces of the United States, South Korea, and the United
Nations in stopping and turning back the Communist invaders.
On September 15, 1950, the General personally directed the United
States Forces in a daring amphibious attack an Inchon. This assault
on the North Korean rear so neutralized the Communist positions in
South Korea that the U.N. forces were able to quickly move into North
Korea and to the Manchurian border.

Although some Chinese Communists had been located in North Korea
as early as late October, it was not until late November that massed
Chinese "volunteers" openly intervened in the Korean War.
MacArthur retained control of sea and air, but the massive Chinese
ground forces could not be held back by the United Nations.
A withdrawal commenced that gave up all of North Korea and a portion
of the Republic of Korea. By late March 1951 the U.N. troops again
pushed across the 38^th parallel , north of Seoul, South Korea’s capital.
On April 11, 1951, President Truman because of significant policy
differences with the General, (after Mr Truman traded 9 atom bomb
core assemblies to SAC /Air Forces via JCS for the right to dismiss
him, per R. Rhodes) relieved Douglas MacArthur of his commands.

MacArthur returned to the United States to a hero’s welcome.   He
addressed a joint session of Congress in a famous speech wherein he
outlined his views concerning world conditions. Although the General
never again held a military command, he remained in public view until
his death. He toured the United States after his Congressional address,
appeared before a Congressional investigative committee, and gave a
keynote address to the 1952 Republican National Convention. He
became Chairman of the Board of Remington Rand (later Sperry Rand)
Rand). He made a sentimental tour to the Philippines. In 1962, he made
his final comencement address to the cadets at West Point. In
1962-1964, he wrote and published his "Reminiscences".

On April 5, 1964, General Douglas MacArthur died at Walter Reed
Army Hospital in Washington, D.C. After lying in state in New York
And Washington, the General was interred in the MacArthur Memorial
in Norfolk, Virginia..